What Is Type 1 Diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition where your pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone you need to live. It’s an autoimmune disease, meaning your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells (called beta cells) in your pancreas, treating them like foreign invaders.
How Does Type 1 Diabetes Affect Your Body?
Insulin acts like a key, helping glucose (sugar from the food you eat) move from your bloodstream into your body’s cells to be used for energy.
When you have type 1 diabetes, there isn’t enough insulin (the key) to let the glucose into your cells. As a result:
- Your cells are starved for energy.
- The glucose builds up in your blood, causing high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
Over time, untreated high blood glucose can harm your body and lead to serious health complications. Therefore, people with type 1 diabetes must take insulin to manage their blood sugar and survive.
Who Gets Type 1 Diabetes?
While type 1 diabetes is most often diagnosed in children and young adults, it can develop in anyone at any age.
Currently, scientists and researchers don’t know how to prevent type 1 diabetes or what exactly triggers its onset.
Living with Type 1 Diabetes
The good news is that with proper care, people with type 1 diabetes can live long, healthy lives.
You will work closely with your diabetes care team to develop a personalized treatment plan, which includes:
- Insulin therapy
- Physical activity
- An eating plan
Having a strong support system is also key to successfully managing the condition and reaching your health goals.
Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
If you or your child are experiencing the following common symptoms, contact your health care provider right away for testing:
- Urinating frequently
- Feeling very thirsty
- Extreme hunger, despite eating
- Unexpected weight loss (even while eating more)
- Extreme fatigue
- Blurry vision
- Cuts or bruises that are slow to heal